Amber, fossilized tree resin, is a beautiful and fascinating gemstone. Its warm glow and unique inclusions have captivated people for centuries. However, the popularity of amber has also led to a rise in counterfeits. Knowing how to distinguish real amber from imitations is crucial for buyers, collectors, and anyone interested in this ancient treasure. This guide will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to confidently identify genuine amber.
What are the most common ways to test amber for authenticity?
Several methods can help determine if a piece of amber is authentic. Some are simple tests you can perform at home, while others require more specialized equipment. Let's explore the most reliable techniques:
1. The Saltwater Test:
This is a popular and relatively simple test. It relies on amber's lower density compared to most imitations.
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How to perform the test: Mix a saturated saltwater solution (dissolve as much salt as possible in water). Gently place the amber in the solution. Real amber will float, while most imitations (like plastic or glass) will sink.
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Important Note: This test isn't foolproof. Some treated or compressed amber might sink, and a few very dense natural amber pieces might also sink. Consider this a preliminary test.
2. The Heat Test:
This test utilizes amber's thermal properties. However, exercise extreme caution; overheating can damage the amber.
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How to perform the test: Gently heat a needle or a pin with a lighter (avoid direct flame). Touch the heated tip to an inconspicuous area of the amber. Real amber will have a characteristic pine-like scent, whereas imitations will often smell of plastic or have no scent at all.
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Warning: This test carries a risk of damaging the amber, especially if it is brittle or has fractures. Proceed with extreme caution and use a small, inconspicuous area for testing. This method should be considered as a supplementary test.
3. The UV Light Test:
Many types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light. However, this isn't a definitive test, as some fakes might also exhibit fluorescence.
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How to perform the test: Shine a UV light (either short-wave or long-wave) on the amber. Many genuine ambers will show a bluish or greenish fluorescence. The intensity and color of fluorescence can vary depending on the type of amber.
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Limitation: This test is not conclusive because some plastics and resins also fluoresce under UV light.
4. Examining Inclusions:
Natural amber often contains inclusions—tiny bubbles, insects, plant matter, or other organic materials trapped within the resin. These inclusions are rarely perfectly symmetrical or uniform and are often a strong indicator of authenticity. Counterfeit amber usually lacks these natural imperfections.
- How to examine: Use a magnifying glass or jeweler's loupe to carefully examine the amber for inclusions. Authentic amber inclusions will usually appear three-dimensional and natural, unlike the often-artificial inclusions found in fake amber.
5. Professional Appraisal:
For valuable pieces or when absolute certainty is needed, seek a professional appraisal from a gemologist specializing in amber. They have access to advanced testing equipment and expertise to determine authenticity with a high degree of accuracy.
What materials are often used to fake amber?
Several materials are commonly used to mimic the appearance of amber:
- Plastic: Many plastics are readily available and can be molded to resemble amber.
- Glass: Glass can be colored to imitate amber's hue.
- Copal: Copal is a hardened resin, but it's significantly younger than amber and lacks the same chemical properties.
- Pressurized Amber: This involves combining small pieces of amber under high pressure to create a larger piece. While still technically amber, it’s often sold without disclosing its processed nature.
How can I avoid buying fake amber?
- Buy from reputable dealers: Dealers specializing in amber often have a deep understanding of the product and its characteristics. They are more likely to supply genuine pieces.
- Request certificates of authenticity: Reputable sellers often provide certificates verifying the authenticity of their amber.
- Inspect the amber carefully: Pay attention to details like inclusions, clarity, and any unusual uniformity.
By combining several of these methods and exercising caution, you can significantly increase your chances of acquiring genuine amber. Remember, the more testing methods you use, the higher the confidence you will have in the authenticity of your purchase. When in doubt, seek professional advice.
