Summary
William A. Muller, MD, PhD, has been appointed professor and chair of the Department of Pathology at the Feinberg School of Medicine, effective July 1. He succeeds Janardan K. Reddy, MD, who has served in that post for the past 14 years and and will remain on the medical school faculty to teach and conduct research.
Dr. Muller comes to Northwestern from Weill Cornell Medical College, where he is professor of pathology and laboratory medicine and attending pathologist at New York-Presbyterian Hospital.
A native of New York, Dr. Muller received a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1975, a PhD degree from Rockefeller University in 1981, and an MD degree from Cornell in 1982. He completed an internship in medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and a pathology residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital. He had served on the faculty at Rockefeller University (1987–96) and at Cornell since 1987.
Dr. Muller's professional organizations include the American Society for Investigative Pathology, American Heart Association, North American Vascular Biology Organization (serving as president 2004–05), and Harvey Society.
Author of numerous journal articles and book chapters, Dr. Muller's research focuses on mechanisms controlling leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in inflammation. He is an editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine
| Current Institution | Northwestern University |
| Current School | Feinberg School of Medicine |
| Department | Pathology |
| Disciplines | |
| Address | Ward Building Room 3-140 303 E Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois 60611 United States Phone: 312-503-8144 |
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Cornell University
Weill Cornell Medical College
M.D.
(1982)
Rockefeller University
Ph.D.
(1981)
Publication Summary
Pubmed Publications
- Transcellular migration of leukocytes is mediated by the endothelial lateral border recycling compartment.
- Mamdouh Z, Mikhailov A, Muller WA The Journal of experimental medicine 2009 Nov 23; 206(12):2795-808 PMID: 19887395
- Leukocyte transmigration requires kinesin-mediated microtubule-dependent membrane trafficking from the lateral border recycling compartment.
- Mamdouh Z, Kreitzer GE, Muller WA The Journal of experimental medicine 2008 Apr 14; 205(4):951-66 PMID: 18378793
- Locomotion of monocytes on endothelium is a critical step during extravasation.
- Schenkel AR, Mamdouh Z, Muller WA Nature immunology 2004 Apr; 5(4):393-400 PMID: 15021878
- Targeted recycling of PECAM from endothelial surface-connected compartments during diapedesis.
- Mamdouh Z, Chen X, Pierini LM, Maxfield FR, Muller WA Nature 2003 Feb 13; 421(6924):748-53 PMID: 12610627
- Relative contribution of PECAM-1 adhesion and signaling to the maintenance of vascular integrity.
- Privratsky JR, Paddock CM, Florey O, Newman DK, Muller WA, Newman PJ Journal of cell science 2011 May 1; 124(Pt 9):1477-85 PMID: 21486942
- Phosphorylation of leukocyte PECAM and its association with detergent-resistant membranes regulate transendothelial migration.
- Florey O, Durgan J, Muller W Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2010 Aug 1; 185(3):1878-86 PMID: 20581150
- Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K3 and K5 proteins block distinct steps in transendothelial migration of effector memory CD4+ T cells by targeting different endothelial proteins.
- Manes TD, Hoer S, Muller WA, Lehner PJ, Pober JS Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2010 May 1; 184(9):5186-92 PMID: 20357254
- Blocking platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM) inhibits disease progression and prevents joint erosion in established collagen antibody-induced arthritis.
- Dasgupta B, Chew T, deRoche A, Muller WA Experimental and molecular pathology 2010 Feb; 88(1):210-5 PMID: 19800878
- Mechanisms of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration.
- Muller WA Annual review of pathology 2010 Jan 15; : PMID: 21073340
- Non-invasive diagnosis of early pulmonary disease in PECAM-deficient mice using infrared pulse oximetry.
- Early MA, Lishnevsky M, Gilchrist JM, Higgins DM, Orme IM, Muller WA, Gonzalez-Juarerro M, Schenkel AR Experimental and molecular pathology 2009 Oct; 87(2):152-8 PMID: 19646434
- Mechanisms of transendothelial migration of leukocytes.
- Muller WA Circulation research 2009 Jul 31; 105(3):223-30 PMID: 19644057
- A novel and critical role for tyrosine 663 in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 trafficking and transendothelial migration.
- Dasgupta B, Dufour E, Mamdouh Z, Muller WA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2009 Apr 15; 182(8):5041-51 PMID: 19342684
- Effects of HIV-1 infection in vitro on transendothelial migration by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.
- Westhorpe CL, Zhou J, Webster NL, Kalionis B, Lewin SR, Jaworowski A, Muller WA, Crowe SM Journal of leukocyte biology 2009 Mar 13; : PMID: 19286896
- PECAM-independent thioglycollate peritonitis is associated with a locus on murine chromosome 2.
- Seidman MA, Chew TW, Schenkel AR, Muller WA PLoS ONE 2009; 4(1):e4316 PMID: 19180231
- Endothelial Src kinase regulates membrane recycling from the lateral border recycling compartment during leukocyte transendothelial migration.
- Dasgupta B, Muller WA European journal of immunology 2008 Dec; 38(12):3499-507 PMID: 18991269
- CD99 is essential for leukocyte diapedesis in vivo.
- Dufour EM, Deroche A, Bae Y, Muller WA Cell communication & adhesion 2008 Nov; 15(4):351-63 PMID: 18923973
- Tonsilar NK cells restrict B cell transformation by the Epstein-Barr virus via IFN-gamma.
- Strowig T, Brilot F, Arrey F, Bougras G, Thomas D, Muller WA, Münz C PLoS pathogens 2008 Feb 8; 4(2):e27 PMID: 18266470
- Assays of transendothelial migration in vitro.
- Muller WA, Luscinskas FW Methods in enzymology 2008; 443:155-76 PMID: 18772016
- CD99 is a key mediator of the transendothelial migration of neutrophils.
- Lou O, Alcaide P, Luscinskas FW, Muller WA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2007 Jan 15; 178(2):1136-43 PMID: 17202377
- NK cells of human secondary lymphoid tissues enhance T cell polarization via IFN-gamma secretion.
- Morandi B, Bougras G, Muller WA, Ferlazzo G, Münz C European journal of immunology 2006 Sep; 36(9):2394-400 PMID: 16917961
- Different susceptibilities of PECAM-deficient mouse strains to spontaneous idiopathic pneumonitis.
- Schenkel AR, Chew TW, Chlipala E, Harbord MW, Muller WA Experimental and molecular pathology 2006 Aug; 81(1):23-30 PMID: 16457810
- Chemical inhibitors of TNF signal transduction in human neutrophils point to distinct steps in cell activation.
- Han H, Roberts J, Lou O, Muller WA, Nathan N, Nathan C Journal of leukocyte biology 2006 Jan; 79(1):147-54 PMID: 16275893
- Transendothelial migration of monocytes: the underlying molecular mechanisms and consequences of HIV-1 infection.
- Maslin CL, Kedzierska K, Webster NL, Muller WA, Crowe SM Current HIV research 2005 Oct; 3(4):303-17 PMID: 16250878
- Calcium-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase mediates TNF signal transduction in human neutrophils.
- Han H, Stessin A, Roberts J, Hess K, Gautam N, Kamenetsky M, Lou O, Hyde E, Nathan N, Muller WA, Buck J, Levin LR, Nathan C The Journal of experimental medicine 2005 Aug 1; 202(3):353-61 PMID: 16043520
- Distinct roles of IL-12 and IL-15 in human natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs.
- Ferlazzo G, Pack M, Thomas D, Paludan C, Schmid D, Strowig T, Bougras G, Muller WA, Moretta L, Münz C Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 Nov 23; 101(47):16606-11 PMID: 15536127
- Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule deficiency or blockade significantly reduces leukocyte emigration in a majority of mouse strains.
- Schenkel AR, Chew TW, Muller WA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2004 Nov 15; 173(10):6403-8 PMID: 15528380
- Attenuation of leukocyte sequestration by selective blockade of PECAM-1 or VCAM-1 in murine endotoxemia.
- Nolte D, Kuebler WM, Muller WA, Wolff KD, Messmer K European surgical research. Europäische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales européennes 2004 Nov-Dec; 36(6):331-7 PMID: 15591740
- The abundant NK cells in human secondary lymphoid tissues require activation to express killer cell Ig-like receptors and become cytolytic.
- Ferlazzo G, Thomas D, Lin SL, Goodman K, Morandi B, Muller WA, Moretta A, Münz C Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2004 Feb 1; 172(3):1455-62 PMID: 14734722
- The contribution of monocyte infection and trafficking to viral persistence, and maintenance of the viral reservoir in HIV infection.
- Crowe S, Zhu T, Muller WA Journal of leukocyte biology 2003 Nov; 74(5):635-41 PMID: 12960232
- Leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response.
- Muller WA Trends in immunology 2003 Jun; 24(6):327-34 PMID: 12810109
- Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 is expressed by endothelial progenitor cells.
- Burger PE, Coetzee S, McKeehan WL, Kan M, Cook P, Fan Y, Suda T, Hebbel RP, Novitzky N, Muller WA, Wilson EL Blood 2002 Nov 15; 100(10):3527-35 PMID: 12411316
- Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the inflammatory response.
- Muller WA Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 2002 May; 82(5):521-33 PMID: 12003992
- CD99 plays a major role in the migration of monocytes through endothelial junctions.
- Schenkel AR, Mamdouh Z, Chen X, Liebman RM, Muller WA Nature immunology 2002 Feb; 3(2):143-50 PMID: 11812991
- New mechanisms and pathways for monocyte recruitment.
- Muller WA The Journal of experimental medicine 2001 Nov 5; 194(9):F47-51 PMID: 11696603
- Eosinophil tissue recruitment to sites of allergic inflammation in the lung is platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule independent.
- Miller M, Sung KL, Muller WA, Cho JY, Roman M, Castaneda D, Nayar J, Condon T, Kim J, Sriramarao P, Broide DH Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2001 Aug 15; 167(4):2292-7 PMID: 11490017
- Inhibition of antigen-specific T cell trafficking into the central nervous system via blocking PECAM1/CD31 molecule.
- Qing Z, Sandor M, Radvany Z, Sewell D, Falus A, Potthoff D, Muller WA, Fabry Z Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 2001 Aug; 60(8):798-807 PMID: 11487054
- Binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31): frequent recognition by clinical isolates.
- Heddini A, Chen Q, Obiero J, Kai O, Fernandez V, Marsh K, Muller WA, Wahlgren M The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2001 Jul; 65(1):47-51 PMID: 11504407
- Migration of leukocytes across endothelial junctions: some concepts and controversies.
- Muller WA Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) 2001 Jun; 8(3):181-93 PMID: 11498781
- Monoclonal antibodies directed to different regions of vascular endothelial cadherin extracellular domain affect adhesion and clustering of the protein and modulate endothelial permeability.
- Corada M, Liao F, Lindgren M, Lampugnani MG, Breviario F, Frank R, Muller WA, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Dejana E Blood 2001 Mar 15; 97(6):1679-84 PMID: 11238107
- Putting the brakes on innate immunity: a regulatory role for CD200?
- Nathan C, Muller WA Nature immunology 2001 Jan; 2(1):17-9 PMID: 11135572
- The leukotriene C(4) transporter MRP1 regulates CCL19 (MIP-3beta, ELC)-dependent mobilization of dendritic cells to lymph nodes.
- Robbiani DF, Finch RA, Jäger D, Muller WA, Sartorelli AC, Randolph GJ Cell 2000 Nov 22; 103(5):757-68 PMID: 11114332
- Monocytes induce reversible focal changes in vascular endothelial cadherin complex during transendothelial migration under flow.
- Allport JR, Muller WA, Luscinskas FW The Journal of cell biology 2000 Jan 10; 148(1):203-16 PMID: 10629229
- Assay for the transendothelial migration of human natural killer cells.
- Berman ME, Muller WA Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2000; 121:115-23 PMID: 10818721
- Differentiation of phagocytic monocytes into lymph node dendritic cells in vivo.
- Randolph GJ, Inaba K, Robbiani DF, Steinman RM, Muller WA Immunity 1999 Dec; 11(6):753-61 PMID: 10626897
- Transgenic mice expressing different levels of soluble platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-IgG display distinct inflammatory phenotypes.
- Liao F, Schenkel AR, Muller WA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1999 Nov 15; 163(10):5640-8 PMID: 10553094
- Migration of leukocytes across endothelium and beyond: molecules involved in the transmigration and fate of monocytes.
- Muller WA, Randolph GJ Journal of leukocyte biology 1999 Nov; 66(5):698-704 PMID: 10577496
- The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.
- Thakker GD, Hajjar DP, Muller WA, Rosengart TK The Journal of biological chemistry 1999 Apr 9; 274(15):10002-7 PMID: 10187776
- Genetic evidence for functional redundancy of Platelet/Endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1): CD31-deficient mice reveal PECAM-1-dependent and PECAM-1-independent functions.
- Duncan GS, Andrew DP, Takimoto H, Kaufman SA, Yoshida H, Spellberg J, Luis de la Pompa J, Elia A, Wakeham A, Karan-Tamir B, Muller WA, Senaldi G, Zukowski MM, Mak TW Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1999 Mar 1; 162(5):3022-30 PMID: 10072554
- Role of tissue factor in adhesion of mononuclear phagocytes to and trafficking through endothelium in vitro.
- Randolph GJ, Luther T, Albrecht S, Magdolen V, Muller WA Blood 1998 Dec 1; 92(11):4167-77 PMID: 9834221
- Differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in a model of transendothelial trafficking.
- Randolph GJ, Beaulieu S, Lebecque S, Steinman RM, Muller WA Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998 Oct 16; 282(5388):480-3 PMID: 9774276
- A physiologic function for p-glycoprotein (MDR-1) during the migration of dendritic cells from skin via afferent lymphatic vessels.
- Randolph GJ, Beaulieu S, Pope M, Sugawara I, Hoffman L, Steinman RM, Muller WA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 Jun 9; 95(12):6924-9 PMID: 9618515
- Ligation of CD31/PECAM-1 modulates the function of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.
- Elias CG, Spellberg JP, Karan-Tamir B, Lin CH, Wang YJ, McKenna PJ, Muller WA, Zukowski MM, Andrew DP European journal of immunology 1998 Jun; 28(6):1948-58 PMID: 9645377
- Cell surface glycosaminoglycans do not serve as ligands for PECAM-1. PECAM-1 is not a heparin-binding protein.
- Sun QH, Paddock C, Visentin GP, Zukowski MM, Muller WA, Newman PJ The Journal of biological chemistry 1998 May 8; 273(19):11483-90 PMID: 9565561
- PECAM-1/CD31, an endothelial receptor for binding Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
- Treutiger CJ, Heddini A, Fernandez V, Muller WA, Wahlgren M Nature medicine 1997 Dec; 3(12):1405-8 PMID: 9396614
- Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin): cloning and role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion.
- Ali J, Liao F, Martens E, Muller WA Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) 1997 Jun; 4(2):267-77 PMID: 9219219
- Neutrophil platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 participates in neutrophil recruitment at inflammatory sites and is down-regulated after leukocyte extravasation.
- Christofidou-Solomidou M, Nakada MT, Williams J, Muller WA, DeLisser HM Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1997 May 15; 158(10):4872-8 PMID: 9144503
- Soluble domain 1 of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) is sufficient to block transendothelial migration in vitro and in vivo.
- Liao F, Ali J, Greene T, Muller WA The Journal of experimental medicine 1997 Apr 7; 185(7):1349-57 PMID: 9104821
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of the mouse platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) to mouse chromosome 6, region F3-G1.
- Xie Y, Muller WA Genomics 1996 Oct 15; 37(2):226-8 PMID: 8921400
- Roles of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) in natural killer cell transendothelial migration and beta 2 integrin activation.
- Berman ME, Xie Y, Muller WA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1996 Feb 15; 156(4):1515-24 PMID: 8568255
- Assignment of PECAM1 to human chromosome bands 17q22-->q23 by in situ hybridization.
- Xie Y, Muller WA Cytogenetics and cell genetics 1996; 74(1-2):156 PMID: 8893826
- Migration of monocytes across endothelium and passage through extracellular matrix involve separate molecular domains of PECAM-1.
- Liao F, Huynh HK, Eiroa A, Greene T, Polizzi E, Muller WA The Journal of experimental medicine 1995 Nov 1; 182(5):1337-43 PMID: 7595204
- Isolation and longterm culture of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells.
- Haraldsen G, Rugtveit J, Kvale D, Scholz T, Muller WA, Hovig T, Brandtzaeg P Gut 1995 Aug; 37(2):225-34 PMID: 7557573
- The role of PECAM-1 (CD31) in leukocyte emigration: studies in vitro and in vivo.
- Muller WA Journal of leukocyte biology 1995 Apr; 57(4):523-8 PMID: 7722409
- Migration of leukocytes across the vascular intima molecules and mechanisms.
- Muller WA Trends in cardiovascular medicine 1995 Jan-Feb; 5(1):15-20 PMID: 21232233
- Ligation of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1/CD31) on monocytes and neutrophils increases binding capacity of leukocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18).
- Berman ME, Muller WA Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1995 Jan 1; 154(1):299-307 PMID: 7995949
- The use of anti-PECAM reagents in the control of inflammation.
- Muller WA Agents and actions. Supplements 1995; 46:147-57 PMID: 7610985
- Monoclonal antibody to murine PECAM-1 (CD31) blocks acute inflammation in vivo.
- Bogen S, Pak J, Garifallou M, Deng X, Muller WA The Journal of experimental medicine 1994 Mar 1; 179(3):1059-64 PMID: 8113674
- Biochemical methods to determine cell-surface topography.
- Muller WA Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1994; 27:31-42 PMID: 8298700
- Determination of cell-surface polarity by solid-phase lactoperoxidase iodination.
- Muller WA Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1994; 27:19-30 PMID: 8298692
- PECAM-1 is required for transendothelial migration of leukocytes.
- Muller WA, Weigl SA, Deng X, Phillips DM The Journal of experimental medicine 1993 Aug 1; 178(2):449-60 PMID: 8340753
- Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31)-mediated cellular aggregation involves cell surface glycosaminoglycans.
- DeLisser HM, Yan HC, Newman PJ, Muller WA, Buck CA, Albelda SM The Journal of biological chemistry 1993 Jul 25; 268(21):16037-46 PMID: 8340425
- Molecular cloning and adhesive properties of murine platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1.
- Xie Y, Muller WA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 Jun 15; 90(12):5569-73 PMID: 8516303
- Monocyte-selective transendothelial migration: dissection of the binding and transmigration phases by an in vitro assay.
- Muller WA, Weigl SA The Journal of experimental medicine 1992 Sep 1; 176(3):819-28 PMID: 1512545
- A heterophilic adhesion mechanism for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31).
- Muller WA, Berman ME, Newman PJ, DeLisser HM, Albelda SM The Journal of experimental medicine 1992 May 1; 175(5):1401-4 PMID: 1569405
- Cloning of a human alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase gene that encodes ELFT but does not confer ELAM-1 recognition on Chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants.
- Kumar R, Potvin B, Muller WA, Stanley P The Journal of biological chemistry 1991 Nov 15; 266(32):21777-83 PMID: 1718983
- Molecular and cellular properties of PECAM-1 (endoCAM/CD31): a novel vascular cell-cell adhesion molecule.
- Albelda SM, Muller WA, Buck CA, Newman PJ The Journal of cell biology 1991 Sep; 114(5):1059-68 PMID: 1874786
- PECAM-1 (CD31) cloning and relation to adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily.
- Newman PJ, Berndt MC, Gorski J, White GC, Lyman S, Paddock C, Muller WA Science (New York, N.Y.) 1990 Mar 9; 247(4947):1219-22 PMID: 1690453
- A human endothelial cell-restricted, externally disposed plasmalemmal protein enriched in intercellular junctions.
- Muller WA, Ratti CM, McDonnell SL, Cohn ZA The Journal of experimental medicine 1989 Aug 1; 170(2):399-414 PMID: 2666561
- Interleukin 2 receptors are expressed by alveolar macrophages during pulmonary sarcoidosis and are inducible by lymphokine treatment of normal human lung macrophages, blood monocytes, and monocyte cell lines.
- Hancock WW, Muller WA, Cotran RS Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1987 Jan 1; 138(1):185-91 PMID: 3097144
- Plasmalemmal proteins of cultured vascular endothelial cells exhibit apical-basal polarity: analysis by surface-selective iodination.
- Muller WA, Gimbrone MA The Journal of cell biology 1986 Dec; 103(6 Pt 1):2389-402 PMID: 3782302
- Infection within a degenerated Starr-Edwards silicone rubber poppet in the aortic valve position.
- Muller WA, Cohn LH, Schoen FJ The American journal of cardiology 1984 Nov 1; 54(8):1146 PMID: 6496341
- Intracellular iodination of lysosome membrane for studies of membrane composition and recycling.
- Muller WA, Steinman RM, Cohn ZA Methods in enzymology 1983; 98:404-15 PMID: 6669054
- Membrane proteins of the vacuolar system. III. Further studies on the composition and recycling of endocytic vacuole membrane in cultured macrophages.
- Muller WA, Steinman RM, Cohn ZA The Journal of cell biology 1983 Jan; 96(1):29-36 PMID: 6826650
- Endocytosis and the recycling of plasma membrane.
- Steinman RM, Mellman IS, Muller WA, Cohn ZA The Journal of cell biology 1983 Jan; 96(1):1-27 PMID: 6298247
- The membrane proteins of the vacuolar system I. Analysis of a novel method of intralysosomal iodination.
- Muller WA, Steinman RM, Cohn ZA The Journal of cell biology 1980 Jul; 86(1):292-303 PMID: 7419579
- The membrane proteins of the vacuolar system. II. Bidirectional flow between secondary lysosomes and plasma membrane.
- Muller WA, Steinman RM, Cohn ZA The Journal of cell biology 1980 Jul; 86(1):304-14 PMID: 7419580
- Retardation time measurementson replicating bacillus subtilis chromosomes: effect of EDTA concentration.
- Muller WA, Klotz LC Biochimica et biophysica acta 1975 Jan 20; 378(2):171-85 PMID: 804920
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